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Pigeon post is the use of homing pigeons to carry messages. Pigeons were effective as messengers due to their natural homing abilities. The pigeons were transported to a destination in cages, where they would be attached with messages, then the pigeon would naturally fly back to its home where the recipient could read the message. They have been used in many places around the world. Pigeons have also been used to great effect in military situations, and are in this case referred to as war pigeon.^[1]

Early history[edit]

As a method of communication, it is likely as old as the ancient Persians, from whom the art of training the birds probably came.^{[citation needed]} How to always win mancala on game pigeon. The Romans used pigeon messengers to aid their military over 2000 years ago. Frontinus said that Julius Caesar used pigeons as messengers in his conquest of Gaul.^[2] The Greeks conveyed the names of the victors at the Olympic Games to their various cities by this means.^[3]

By the 12th century, messenger pigeons were used in Baghdad.^[4] Naval chaplain Henry Teonge (c. 1620–1690) describes in his diary a regular pigeon postal service being used by merchants between İskenderun and Aleppo in the Levant.^[5] The Mughals also used messenger pigeons.

Before the telegraph, this method of communication was used extensively by stockbrokers and financiers. The Dutch government established a civil and military system in Java and Sumatra early in the 19th century, the birds being obtained from Baghdad. In 1851, the German-born Paul Julius Reuter opened an office in the City of London which transmitted stock market quotations between London and Paris via the new Calais to Dover cable. Reuter had previously used pigeons to fly stock prices between Aachen and Brussels, a service that operated for a year until a gap in the telegraph link was closed.^[6]

Details of the employment of pigeons during the siege of Paris in 1870–71 led to a revival in the training of pigeons for military purposes. Numerous societies were established for keeping pigeons of this class in all important European countries; and, in time, various governments established systems of communication for military purposes by pigeon post. After pigeon post between military fortresses had been thoroughly tested, attention was turned to its use for naval purposes, to send messages to ships in nearby waters. It was also used by news agencies and private individuals at various times. Governments in several countries established lofts of their own. Laws were passed making the destruction of such pigeons a serious offense; premiums to stimulate efficiency were offered to private societies, and rewards given for destruction of birds of prey. Before the advent of radio, pigeons were used by newspapers to report yacht races, and some yachts were actually fitted with lofts.

During the establishment of formal pigeon post services, the registration of all birds was introduced. At the same time, in order to hinder the efficiency of the systems of foreign countries, difficulties were placed in the way of the importation of their birds for training, and in a few cases falcons were specially trained to interrupt the service war-time, the Germans having set the example by employing hawks against the Paris pigeons in 1870–71. No satisfactory method of protecting the weaker birds seems to have been developed, though the Chinese formerly provided their pigeons with whistles and bells to scare away birds of prey.

As radio telegraphy and telephony were developed, the use of pigeons became limited to fortress warfare^{[clarification needed]} by the 1910s. Although the British Admiralty had attained a very high standard of efficiency, it discontinued its pigeon service in the early 20th century. In contrast, large numbers of birds were still kept by France, Germany and Russia at the outbreak of the First World War.

In modern days, a rafting photographer still uses pigeons as a sneakernet to transport digital photos on flash media from the camera to the tour operator.^[7]

Paris[edit]

The pigeon post that was in operation while Paris was besieged during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 is probably the most famous. Barely six weeks after the outbreak of hostilities, the Emperor Napoleon III and the French Army of Châlons surrendered at Sedan on 2 September 1870. There were two immediate consequences: the fall of the Second Empire and the swift Prussian advance on Paris. As had been expected, the normal channels of communication into and out of Paris were interrupted during the four-and-a-half months of the siege, and, indeed, it was not until the middle of February 1871 that the Prussians relaxed their control of the postal and telegraph services. With the encirclement of the city on 18 September, the last overhead telegraph wires were cut on the morning of 19 September, and the secret telegraph cable in the bed of the Seine was located and cut on 27 September. Although a number of postmen succeeded in passing through the Prussian lines in the earliest days of the siege, others were captured and shot, and there is no proof of any post, certainly after October, reaching Paris from the outside, apart from private letters carried by unofficial individuals. For an assured communication into Paris, the only successful method was by the time-honoured carrier-pigeon, and thousands of messages, official and private, were thus taken into the besieged city.

During the course of the siege, pigeons were regularly taken out of Paris by balloon. Initially, one of the pigeons carried by a balloon was released as soon as the balloon landed so that Paris could be apprised of its safe passage over the Prussian lines. Soon a regular service was in operation, based first at Tours and later at Poitiers. The pigeons were taken to their base after their arrival from Paris and when they had preened themselves, been fed and rested, they were ready for the return journey. Tours lies some 200 km from Paris and Poitiers some 300 km; to reduce the flight distance the pigeons were taken by train as far forward towards Paris as was safe from Prussian intervention. Before release, they were loaded with their despatches. The first despatch was dated 27 September and reached Paris on 1 October, but it was only from 16 October, when an official control was introduced, that a complete record was kept.

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The pigeons carried two kinds of despatch: official and private, both of which are later described in detail. The service was put into operation for the transmission of information from the Delegation to Paris and was opened to the public in early November. The private despatches were sent only when an official despatch was being sent, since the latter would have absolute priority. However, the introduction of the Dagron microfilms eased any problems there might have been in claims for transport since their volumetric requirements were very small. Can you play gamepigeon from iphone to android. For example: one tube sent during January contained 21 microfilms, of which 6 were official despatches and 15 were private, while a later tube contained 16 private despatches and 2 official ones. In order to improve the chances of the despatches successfully reaching Paris, the same despatch was sent by several pigeons, one official despatch being repeated 35 times and the later private despatches were repeated on average 22 times. The records show that from 7 January to the end, 61 tubes were sent off, containing 246 official and 671 private despatches. The practice was to send off the despatches not only by pigeons of the same release but also of successive releases until Paris signaled the arrival of those despatches. When the pigeon reached its particular loft in Paris, its arrival was announced by a bell in the trap in the loft. Immediately, a watchman relieved it of its tube which was taken to the Central Telegraph Office where the content was carefully unpacked and placed between two thin sheets of glass. The photographs are said to have been projected by magic lantern on to a screen where the enlargement could be easily read and written down by a team of clerks. This would certainly be true for the microfilms, but the earlier despatches on photographic paper were read through microscopes. The transcribed messages were written out on forms (telegraph forms for private messages, with or without the special annotation 'pigeon') and so delivered. The interval between sending a private message and its receipt by the addressee depended on many factors: the density of telegraphic traffic to and from the sender's town, the time taken to register the message, to pass it to the printers where it was assembled with its 3000 companions into a single page, and then to assemble the pages into nines or twelves or sixteens. During the four months of the siege, 150,000 official and 1 million private communications were carried into Paris by this method.^[2]

The service was formally terminated on 1 February 1871. In fact, the last pigeons were released on 1 and 3 February. The pigeons that were still alive were now official property and were sold at the Depot du Mobilier de l'Etat. Their value as racing pigeons was reflected by the average price of only 1 franc 50 centimes, but two pigeons, reported to have made three journeys, were purchased by an enthusiast for 26 francs.

The success of the pigeon post, both for official and for private messages, did not pass unnoticed by the military forces of the European powers and in the years that followed the Franco-Prussian War pigeon sections were established in their armies. The advent of wireless communication led to rising pigeon unemployment, although in certain particular applications pigeons provided the only method of communication. But never again were pigeons called upon to perform such a tremendous public service as that which they had maintained during the siege of Paris and Italy.

Canada[edit]

Major-General Donald Roderick Cameron, then Commandant of the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario recommended an international pigeon service for marine search and rescue and military service in a paper entitled 'Messenger Pigeons, a National Question'. Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper, then Minister of Marine and Fisheries supported the pigeon policy. Colonel Goldie, Assistant Adjutant General and Major Waldron of the Royal Artillery, and Captain Dopping-Hepenstal of the Royal Engineers carried through the plan. The pigeon post between look-out stations at lighthouses on islands and the mainland at the citadel in Halifax, Nova Scotia provided a messenger service from 1891 until it was discontinued in 1895. The pigeon post faced a heavy mortality among the pigeons as many were lost on the operations. The flight from the Citadel in Halifax, Nova Scotia to Sable Island, for example, was difficult for the pigeons to complete.^[8]

Catalina Island[edit]

From 1894 to 1898 pigeons carried mail from Avalon across the Santa Barbara Channel to Los Angeles. Two pigeon fanciers, brothers Otto J. and O. F. Zahn, reached an agreement with Western Union where it would not build a telegraph line to the isolated island so long as the pigeons did not compete with it on the mainland. Fifty birds were trained, carrying three copies of each message because of the danger of hunters and predators. They made the 48-mile passage in about one hour, bringing letters, news clippings from the Los Angeles Times, and emergency summons for doctors. In three seasons of operation only two letters failed to come through, but at $.50 to $1.00 per message the service was not profitable, and in 1898 the Zahn brothers ended the post.^[9][10]

Great Barrier Island (New Zealand)[edit]

Before the pigeon post service was established the only regular connection between the community on Great Barrier Island (90 kilometres northeast of Auckland) and the mainland was provided by a weekly coastal steamer. The island's isolation was highlighted when the ship SS Wairarapa was wrecked off its coast in 1894, with the loss of 121 lives, and the news took several days to reach the mainland.

The pigeon post service began between the island and Auckland in 1897. Soon there were two rival pigeongram companies, both of which issued distinctive and attractive stamps. The stamps have been eagerly collected for their novelty value, and some have become extremely rare.

Initially, the service operated only from Great Barrier Island to Auckland, the reverse route being considered uneconomic. On the island, pigeongram agencies were established at Port Fitzroy, Okupu, and Whangaparara. Birds were sent over to the island on the weekly steamer and flew back to Auckland with up to five messages per bird written on lightweight writing stock and attached to their legs. Great Barrier Island's pigeongram service ended when the first telegraph cable was laid between the island and the mainland in 1908.^[11]

India[edit]

The Orissa police in India have established regular pigeon posts at Cuttack, Chatrapur, Kendrapara, Sambalpur and Denkanal and these pigeons rose to the occasion in times of emergencies and natural calamities.^[12]. During the centenary celebrations of the Indian postal service in 1954, the Orissa police pigeons demonstrated their capacity by conveying the message of inauguration from the President of India to the Prime Minister.^[12]The last of the pigeon post services in the world (the one in Cuttack, India) was closed in 2008, although about 150 pigeons continue to be maintained for ceremonial purposes in Cuttack and at the Police Training College in Angul.^[13].

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Carter W. Clarke, 'Signal Corps Pigeons.' The Military Engineer 25.140 (1933): 133-138 Online.
2. ^ ^abLevi, Wendell (1977). The Pigeon. Sumter, South Carolina: Levi Publishing Co, Inc. ISBN0-85390-013-2.
3. ^Blechman, Andrew (2007). Pigeons-The fascinating saga of the world's most revered and reviled bird. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. ISBN978-0-7022-3641-9. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14.
4. ^'First Birds' Inn: About the Sport of Racing Pigeons'. Fbipigeons.com. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
5. ^The Diary of Henry Teonge Chaplain on Board HM’s Ships Assistance, Bristol and Royal Oak 1675–1679. The Broadway Travellers. Edited by Sir E. Denison Ross and Eileen Power. London: Routledge, 1927. Entries for October 27, November 29, and December 6, 1675.
6. ^'Chronology: Reuters, from pigeons to multimedia merger'. Reuters. 19 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
7. ^Human, Katy (24 June 2007). 'Homing pigeons get down to business, ferrying rafting company photos'. Denver Post. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
8. ^'A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine Services'. Canadian Coast Guard. 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
9. ^Zahn, Curtis (1958) 'America's first Air Mail' article in The Natural Sciences Illustrated, New York, New York,: J. J. Little And Ives Co., Inc.
10. ^Jim Watson (2000-03-17). 'Pigeon Post II'. Stampnotes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
11. ^'Great Barrier Island Pigeongram Agency:Mail Form No. 9'. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
12. ^ ^ab'IndianPost'. Indianpost.com. 1989-11-03. Retrieved 2017-05-14.
13. ^'Pigeon post in Cuttack'. thehindu.com. 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2019-11-27.

External links[edit]

Media related to Pigeon post at Wikimedia Commons

If you are a Roblox user, you might’ve heard so much about Roblox decal IDs. These are great if you are into artistic elements of the game. Ever wondered how to obtain them? Well, wonder no more as we will help you know everything you need to know about these codes. Now you can fulfill whatever image you conjure up in the virtual world and share it with your friends.

In this article, we will look at what Roblox is for those of you who are just getting into the game and a bunch of Roblox decal IDs. We will also look at how to use them among other things.

How to send a game pigeon invite. The iMessages need to be sent through Apple’s servers, and the only way to do this legitimately is to use an Apple device. Using an app running on a Mac computer as a server that relays messages to the Android device is a very smart way to make iMessage work on. You can send game invitations and in-game items from some games to Friends or other players. The things you can send and the way you send them vary depending on the game. A pop-up notification appears in the upper left corner of the screen when you receive an invitation or item. Have fun with your friends by playing a collection of excellent two-player games! GamePigeon is an iMessage extension which features following games: 8-Ball Poker Sea Battle Anagrams Gomoku More games are coming very soon! Contact twitter presskit. If you have downloaded Game Pigeon and you can’t access or play games, simply follow these steps. Open any message thread on iMessage and at the bottom left, tap the 4 dots. Once you do this, you should see the game. Select your game of choice and an invite will be sent to your friend.

Contents

• 3 List of Roblox Decal IDs and Spray Codes
• 4 How to Use Roblox Decal IDs and Spray Paint codes

What is Roblox?

Roblox is a massive online multiplayer game that is played by 64 million people worldwide. It started in 2007 and promotes all sorts of imaginative ideas. You can play games created by your friends and other users of the games. The games range from a wide variety of genres – from roleplaying and simulation to arcade and racing games. You can create your own game in your own world. When you first start playing, you get a world for free and you can mold it however you want. Then you can share it with your friends and other players because hey, the more the merrier.

If you want to make your world extra unique, you need to buy items with the in-game currency called Robux. Usually, you have to purchase Robux with real-world money but there will be an article for getting them for free so stay tuned for that. This would let you get items and new worlds to make a different part of your imagination. The possibility of creation is endless and the amount of fun may never run out.

Roblox is also extremely simple to use and is very kid-friendly. People from all over the world can communicate and share their creations. This app is available on iOS and Android too. You can register with them using this link. The registration process is very simple and straightforward. All you have to enter is your birthday, your username and your password. You also have to add in your gender and then you will be in the club. If you are already registered and you want to have some Free Robux, click here.

What are Roblox Decal IDs?

Decals are cool ways to add a little personality to any game you play in. In Roblox, you can spray paint any logo and other decals on any in-game item and the Roblox team has improved it ever since the feature became available. You need a Spray Paint gear in the game to even think about decals. This gear lets you use the Roblox Decal IDs to spray paint whatever you want. The Spray Paint gear is pretty simple to use. It is a simple GUI that has core and customizable parts. The Spray Paint gear was met with a ton of applause and rightly so because it adds a lot to the already impressive game.

List of Roblox Decal IDs and Spray Codes

These are the list of Roblox Decal IDs and spray codes that use to spray paint the specific items. We have also includes some surprise and character IDs for you. Let’s start:

1. AC/DC: 12347538
2. Angry Patrick Star: 13712924
3. Anime Girl: 1234538 (decal codes and ids)
4. Annoying Orange: 76543210
5. Bang!: 6013360
6. Blue Dude: 9876543
7. Charizard?: 516095478
8. Cobain’s OMG PIE: 12347578
9. Contra: 1234756
10. Doge: 134079000
11. Dominus: 69791871
12. Dragon: 136931266
13. Drake: 473973374
14. Finn and Jake: 80684094
15. Girl: 80514443
16. Got Milk?: 45550210
17. Gravity Coil: 23534055
18. Halo Helmet: 75076726
19. Haters Gonna Hate: 66481956
20. I <3 Ponies: 1234566
21. John Cena: 7564321
22. Kitty: 123475161
23. Lol Emoji: 24774766
24. Miley Cyrus: 144685573
25. Monster Energy logo: 123474111
26. No Noobs: 1081287
27. Party Hat: 12345383
28. People on the beach: 7713420
29. Pikachu: 46059313
30. Red Dirt Bike: 30155526
31. Roblox logo: 80373024
32. Spider Tux: 1803741
33. Spongebob Pattern: 1234532
34. Spongebob Street Graffiti: 51812595
35. Super Smash Bros Brawl: 2018209
36. Super Sonic: 1234752
37. Sword Pack: 73737627
38. Target and Destroy: 69711222
39. Truck: 5961037
40. Trump: 415885550
41. Twitter Bird: 394647608
42. Universe: 1234562
43. Welcome to Hell Sign: 30117799
44. Wizard: 80373810
45. You Can’t See Me; I’m an Invisible cat: 2483186
46. Zombie: 57764564

Surprise IDs for Roblox

1. 1234550
2. 12347561
3. 1340790
4. 2033687
5. 205393736
6. 409739014
7. 54335881
8. 54353046
9. 601336913 (infinity rpg codes)

Roblox Character IDs

Pigeons Spray Paint Game Additive

1. 22711653
2. 25116617
3. 40468903
4. 45883754
5. 47168976
6. 47662061
7. 51969264
8. 55882232

Also Read: How to Donate Robux

How to Use Roblox Decal IDs and Spray Paint codes

Pigeons Spray Paint Game Adhesive

Using these Roblox Spray codes is pretty straightforward. All you have to do is copy and paste whatever you want from the above list into the Spray paint device and use them. Spray Paint device costs 350 Roblox and is a great tool. If you want to get it for free, stay tuned because like I mentioned earlier, we do have an article on how to get free Robux.

If you want to get the codes yourself in-game, just follow these steps:

1. Select the grey-white square and press Libraries.
2. Choose Decals option from there.
3. You can type the genre of decal you want. If for example, you want the decal related to anime, search for anime and you can find the decal if it’s published, along with the author’s name and the description.
4. Copy and paste the code to the Spray Paint device and voila! You are good to go.

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Final Take

That is all there is to know about Roblox Decal IDs. Know that even though artistry is simplified with this tool for people like me who aren’t artistically gifted, you can create newer images with the decals already published. Hopefully, our article was helpful to you and you were able to find your perfect design. If you have any doubts or suggestions, please leave them in the comment section and we will try to solve it as soon as we can.